PLANT LIFE
Introduction
We couldn’t live without them, because they make the air fit for us to breathe.
We eat them, wear them, build homes with them, and burn them to make the energy to power our lives. Plants are truly humankind’s best friends.
plants are amazing. They cannot move to find food, so they have incredible ways of getting what they need. Some plants flower for just a day. Others are the oldest living things on earth. Plants can survive in dry deserts and on icy mountains, and they bring color and beauty to even the grayest city.
Flowering Plants
All flowering plants, from the tallest tree to the smallest daisy, have the same basic parts: a stem, roots, leaves, and flowers. Some such as the poppy have green stems and live for one or two years. Others, such as the cherry tree, have woody steams and usually live longer and grow larger. Flowering plants have slowly adapted so that they can live almost anywhere in the world.
PARTS OF A FLOWERING PLANT
A flowering plant, such as the poppy, has a strong stem that keeps the plant upright. The stem supports the leaves and flowers, and carries food around the plant. The leaves make food using sunlight. The flowers make seeds so more plants can grow. Below ground, the roots grow downward and sideways. They take water and minerals into the plant and anchor it firmly in the soil.
A flowering plant, such as the poppy, has a strong stem that keeps the plant upright. The stem supports the leaves and flowers, and carries food around the plant. The leaves make food using sunlight. The flowers make seeds so more plants can grow. Below ground, the roots grow downward and sideways. They take water and minerals into the plant and anchor it firmly in the soil.
AMAZING FACTS
There are an incredible 3000,000 known species, or types, of plant in the world.Over 260,000 of these are flowering plants.
There are an incredible 3000,000 known species, or types, of plant in the world.Over 260,000 of these are flowering plants.
LIFE CYCLE OF A POPPY
All flowering plants grow from seeds. The seeds Germinate, or sprout, to produce a shoot and a root. The plant grows and makes the flowers, which produce New seeds. The seeds are scattered and grow into new Plants. This is called a life cycle.
FLOWERING TREES
A tree grows from a seed in the same way as a poppy. The tree’s stem is called the trunk. The trunk is thick and strong so the tree can grow tall. Branches grow out from the trunk and produce leaves, flowers, and seeds. Strong roots hold the tree in the ground.
A tree grows from a seed in the same way as a poppy. The tree’s stem is called the trunk. The trunk is thick and strong so the tree can grow tall. Branches grow out from the trunk and produce leaves, flowers, and seeds. Strong roots hold the tree in the ground.
Light for Life
Plants cannot move to find food, so they must make their own. To do this they use a gas from the air called carbon dioxide, water from the soil, and light energy from the Sun. The food-marking means “building with light,” and takes place in the plant’s leaves. Plants search for light and grow toward it.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Inside leaves are millions of tiny structures called chloroplasts. They are the plant’s “food factories,” where energy from sunlight joins carbon dioxide and water together. This process makes special sugars called glucose and sucrose.
There are foods for the whole plant. During photosynthesis, a waste gas called oxygen is made, which the plant releases into the air.
Plants cannot move to find food, so they must make their own. To do this they use a gas from the air called carbon dioxide, water from the soil, and light energy from the Sun. The food-marking means “building with light,” and takes place in the plant’s leaves. Plants search for light and grow toward it.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Inside leaves are millions of tiny structures called chloroplasts. They are the plant’s “food factories,” where energy from sunlight joins carbon dioxide and water together. This process makes special sugars called glucose and sucrose.
There are foods for the whole plant. During photosynthesis, a waste gas called oxygen is made, which the plant releases into the air.
PLANT BREATHINGRespiration and photosynthesis are opposite plant processes. When plants respire, they take in oxygen to release energy and carbon dioxide. Plants respire all the time, even at night, when it is impossible for them to photosynthesize because of lack of sunlight. In d
aytime, oxygen-releasing photosynthesis is the main process.
aytime, oxygen-releasing photosynthesis is the main process.BENDING TOWARD THE LIGHT
lants grow toward light. This response to light is called phototropism. As the sun moves across the sky, plants slowly follow it by bending. Some even tilt their leaves to face it.
How a plant works
To grow and survive, plants must move food and water to all their parts. The food they have made in their leaves by photosynthesis is moved to the rest of the plant in lots of tiny tubs. Water is also carried around the plant through tiny pipelines. These water-filled pipelines help the plants keep their shape.
To grow and survive, plants must move food and water to all their parts. The food they have made in their leaves by photosynthesis is moved to the rest of the plant in lots of tiny tubs. Water is also carried around the plant through tiny pipelines. These water-filled pipelines help the plants keep their shape.
Food and water carriers
Networks of tiny tubes called xylem and phloem carry water and food around the whole plant. Phloem carries food from where it is made in the leaves to where it is needed in the rest of the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals. Xylem and phloem together are called vascular tissue.
Veiny leaves
Veins carry water and food through the leaves. Plants lose water into the air through tiny holes, or stomata, on the underside of their leaves. As water is lost, more is sucked up the stem from the roots. This is called transpiration.
Networks of tiny tubes called xylem and phloem carry water and food around the whole plant. Phloem carries food from where it is made in the leaves to where it is needed in the rest of the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals. Xylem and phloem together are called vascular tissue.
Veiny leaves
Veins carry water and food through the leaves. Plants lose water into the air through tiny holes, or stomata, on the underside of their leaves. As water is lost, more is sucked up the stem from the roots. This is called transpiration.
AMAZING FACTS
The world’s tallest tree is the giant sequoia. Water has to travel an incredible 84m(275ft) before it reaches the highest leaves at the very top of the tree.
Bottle trees
The baobab tree is found in hot, dry parts of Africa, India, and Australia. Its trunk holds water in the same way as a sponge, so the tree can survive in dry conditions. It is often called the bottle tree because its trunk is bottle-shaped.
Root hairsThe world’s tallest tree is the giant sequoia. Water has to travel an incredible 84m(275ft) before it reaches the highest leaves at the very top of the tree.
Bottle trees
The baobab tree is found in hot, dry parts of Africa, India, and Australia. Its trunk holds water in the same way as a sponge, so the tree can survive in dry conditions. It is often called the bottle tree because its trunk is bottle-shaped.
Roots grow through the soil, searching for water. Near the end of the root tips are many tiny hairs. These hairs give the root a large surface area for taking in water from the soil.
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